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Institute for Integrative Precision Agriculture welcomes 3 new faculty

jennbryant on January 12, 2023

Author: Jake Strickland

UGA’s Institute for Integrative Precision Agriculture (IIPA), a new interdisciplinary research unit dedicated to the research and application of new technologies in agriculture, has made three new faculty hires. Leonardo Bastos, Lorena Lacerda and Guoyu Lu joined IIPA full time during Fall 2022, each contributing to the strategic mission of the institute to harness the power of technology and big data to sustainably provide for our planet’s growing population.

Bastos, who earned his Ph.D. at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, joins IIPA as an assistant professor in the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences (CAES) after working as a postdoctoral researcher at both Kansas State University and UGA. He specializes in agronomy with a focus on nitrogen management. Raised in Brazil and completing much of his graduate education in the midwestern United States, Bastos will apply his knowledge to Georgia’s cotton, corn, and peanut crops.

One of his goals is to develop and refine algorithms for crop sensing technologies that can monitor plant nitrogen stress from any distance and recommend profitable rates. This is especially important to prove that data are consistent, as farmers increasingly turn to drones and other remote sensors to collect crop information.

“Coming to UGA and being able to work with people from across departments and different areas of expertise is enriching,” Bastos said. “I think that’s one way for us to move the needle on precision agriculture, not just in Georgia but across the Southeast.”

Lacerda, assistant professor in Crop and Soil Sciences, earned her Ph.D. at UGA-Tifton and joins IIPA after completing a postdoctoral position at the University of Minnesota. Her research focus is developing integrative precision agricultural management systems for sustainable food and fiber production. This work includes research on remote sensing, crop yield prediction and variable rate technology for irrigation and fertilizer application.

Her goal is to develop tools that can be used by farmers, which can be challenging given the need to adapt technology to larger field setups.

“I am looking forward to potentially developing new technologies that can help the agricultural sector, especially in Georgia, make more informed decisions while also achieving a more efficient and sustainable crop production system,” Lacerda said.

Lu, assistant professor in the College of Engineering, earned his Ph.D. at the University of Delaware, and he joins IIPA after several years in both academic and industry positions, including work for the Ford Motor Company and ESPN. His research explores the applications of artificial intelligence, computer vision, machine learning, and robotics within agriculture, with several projects aimed at increasing agricultural efficiency.

After previously working closely with UGA researchers, joining IIPA seemed like a natural fit for Lu. Years in industry help him position his research to develop products sought out by industry leaders.

“One of the things that I’m most excited for in my new role is strengthening collaborations,” Lu said. “It’ll be great working with more people at UGA, so we can see how artificial intelligence might be able to enhance agricultural development.”

“The hiring of Drs. Bastos, Lacerda, and Lu represents the Institute’s desire to strengthen existing areas of excellence, while also adding new areas of expertise,” said IIPA interim Co-Director Harald Scherm, professor and department head of plant pathology in the CAES.

Jaime Camelio, professor and associate dean for research, innovation and entrepreneurship in the College of Engineering, also serves as IIPA interim co-director. The institute was founded last year to pull together UGA’s strengths in precision agriculture from across multiple academic and research units.

UGA has long led the way in this field, ranking among the top 20 universities in the world for precision agriculture by trade publication Precision Ag. IIPA expands the scope of UGA’s precision ag research by incorporating insights from fields as diverse as engineering, plant and animal genomics, forestry and others.

UGA genomicist seeks to offset climate impacts on important food crop

marialameiras on August 8, 2022

The common bean — which includes many varieties of dry beans, from navy and black beans to red, pinto and green beans — are an important nutritional source for many world populations. However, rapidly changing climate conditions are making them increasingly difficult to grow in many locations due to high temperatures and susceptibility to diseases and pests.

At the University of Georgia, researchers have received more than $799,000 in funding from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute for Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) to address increasing difficulties in growing common bean by cross breeding with tepary bean, a species native to the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico that has been cultivated by indigenous cultures for thousands of years.

While tepary bean has favorable traits — such as high heat and drought tolerance — it is not well-suited to widespread modern cultivation practices and produces smaller beans and smaller yields than common bean species.

Using information from the genomes of both common bean and tepary bean, Robin Buell, GRA Eminent Scholar Chair in Crop Genomics in the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences at UGA’s College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, is embarking on a three-year study designed to build a genetic knowledge base to rapidly identify causal traits in the genomes of both common and tepary bean with the ultimate goal of developing varieties better adapted to the planet’s changing climate.

While common bean can be grown in many parts of the world, the crop is dependent on water and does not grow well in environments with higher nighttime temperatures. Adapting common bean with the heat- and drought-tolerance of tepary bean, or imbuing the positive agronomic traits of common bean into tepary bean, could help prevent climate-based yield loss and lead to increased agricultural production of bean varieties in marginal agricultural areas.

“We have the blueprint for both of these species, and this project is focused on trying to take the nice agronomic traits of common bean and move those into tepary bean, then we have the disease resistance from tepary bean that we want to move to common bean,” Buell said. “We have the code now and we can line everything up. The plan now is to take something that Mother Nature has already made very well-adapted to climate, but may not be the best culinary bean, and take those good traits into common bean.”

Tepary beans are being examined for their heat- and disease-resistant traits in an effort to improve common bean production.

While plant breeding has always involved crossbreeding for desirable traits, this study will use genome sequences to rapidly identify the loci of the genetic traits they want to share between the species, speeding up the process exponentially.

“Their genetic code is so similar to each other, our first aim is to sit down and collate what we already know about common bean and what we already know about tepary bean and stitch it together at these common reference points. We’re going to use computational and genomic approaches to get the precision markers that breeders can use to make the cross and do the selection without having to grow a substantial number of additional generations,” Buell said.

Through this technology, the researchers hope to be able to identify the DNA markers responsible for desired traits rather than depending on the phenotyping of plants used in traditional plant breeding.

“Traditionally, you would make the cross then you would pick which individual traits you want from the family of progeny that comes out. Using the DNA markers for those traits, we can do that in an afternoon rather than a full growing cycle. We can increase the cycle and the workload by doing this with DNA markers instead of planting them in the field and seeing what you come up with,” Buell said. “We’ve already got all the markers for the different traits that we want, so we can do this precision breeding.”

Once the researchers at UGA have selected the desired traits from each species, the crosses will be made by research geneticist Tim Porch at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Tropical Crops and Germplasm Research Center in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. A third partner, Consuelo de Jensen, director of the Plant Diagnostic Clinic at the University of Puerto Rico, will test the new lines for resistance to powdery mildew, one of the most commonly occurring fungal diseases on many types of beans. The partnership with the University of Puerto Rico will also engage master’s degree students in plant disease diagnosis.

“Mother Nature has already selected for related-species variance of some of our major crops that are already grown in all these different climates. These things are found throughout the world and they’re very adaptable,” Buell said. “Their genetics allow them to intermingle … we’re just taking advantage of technology to boost what Mother Nature already did for us.”

Maria M. Lameiras is a managing editor with the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.

Smart irrigation scheduling benefits producers

jordanpowers on July 22, 2022

As climate variability increasingly affects producers across the Southeastern U.S., Wes Porter spends a lot of time thinking about water — specifically, crop irrigation — and how available tools can benefit farmers threefold.

“In some years we have ample rainfall to produce very good yields, while in other years, dryland yields are near zero,” said Porter, associate professor in the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences at the University of Georgia. “Even in seasons with ample rainfall, research has shown that the distribution of the rainfall is more critical than the total amount.”

The results of Porter’s research in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and UGA Cooperative Extension have shown that the implementation and incorporation of irrigation scheduling tools into production practice has the potential to not only increase water use efficiency — but also to increase crop yield and profitability.

“Poorly timed droughts can cause significant yield reductions, especially if a valid irrigation scheduling strategy is not employed,” Porter said. “The typical farmer practice is to follow a checkbook or calendar water schedule method where a set rate of irrigation is applied to the crop per week based on historical values and measured precipitation. This method is very conservative in all row crops produced in Georgia and typically applies the highest amount of irrigation.”

Porter added that while the UGA checkbook method is an excellent guide, a method based on historical averages is not going to hit the target every time, especially as weather patterns change.

While higher technology options are a bigger time and financial investment, the results are often worth it.

Using real-time data allows farmers to adapt

In addition to the checkbook method, Porter said that there are four or five different smart apps and online scheduling tools available to producers. While the checkbook method is the “backbone,” using these newer technologies allows for adaptation based on real-time weather data.

Producers looking for the next level of irrigation scheduling can explore soil moisture sensors, which allow for real-time monitoring in the field. The proximity to the crop allows producers to see what that specific crop needs at any given time.

From left to right is the CropX Sensor systems, the Valley Scheduling system, and the SWT probe. — A figure from a paper by Porter on cotton irrigation scheduling shows various soil moisture sensors. From left is the CropX sensor system, the Valley Scheduling system and soil water tension (SWT) probes.

The most advanced option available is a combination of soil moisture sensors and online scheduling tools. Porter noted that these technologies, if used correctly, can make or break a crop.

Installing a sensor in the field and using an online scheduling tool to record crop type and planting date allows a system to recommend irrigation amounts specific to the crop and specific planting data.

“My studies have shown that the implementation of irrigation scheduling technologies such as soil moisture sensors or scheduling applications can increase yields in peanuts by approximately 20% while reducing irrigation applied by up to 60%,” Porter said, adding that these reductions were noted in extremely wet years, where the advanced irrigation scheduling methods only called for two or three irrigation events, compared to methods such as the checkbook, which irrigates weekly.

Environmental and financial benefits of smart irrigation

These findings are not isolated to peanut crops. In 2021, Porter’s cotton irrigation study did not require irrigation after mid-June. The peak water use in cotton is usually during July, however there was ample rainfall during the rest of the season. It can be very difficult for a producer to decide not to irrigate during this time of the season, but advanced methods help producers to make these decisions with confidence.

Reductions in irrigation can lead to major cost savings for farmers and benefits to the environment. The average season calls for 8 to 12 inches of irrigation, according to Porter. At an estimated $7 per acre-inch in electrical energy costs for pumping irrigation water, plus an average of $20 per acre-inch for diesel, the savings to producers — and the planet — are substantial.

Based on the electrical energy costs above, there is an estimated savings of up to around $250 per acre in peanuts. Assuming roughly 800,000 total acres of peanuts are planted in Georgia and 50% of those acres are irrigated, there is a potential impact of $100 million, according to Porter.

While these numbers are estimates based on research trials, Porter explained that there are opportunities for significant savings across the state in all crops if advanced irrigation scheduling is adopted and used correctly.

“If you don’t put science behind your irrigation scheduling, you lose on the bottom line,” Porter said.

Jordan Powers is the public relations coordinator and writer for UGA’s College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.

UGA research farms open gates to the public this summer

jordanpowers on June 22, 2022

Athens-area residents familiar with driving past two University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) research farms will soon have the opportunity to go behind the scenes and learn more about CAES’ role in the future of farming.

The J. Phil Campbell Sr. Research and Education Center (JPCREC) and the Durham Horticulture Farm will open their gates for the public to learn more about active research projects at CAES on June 28 and July 7, respectively.

J. Phil Campbell Sr. Research and Education Center

JPCREC will host their 8^th annual corn boil on June 28, with a farm tour kicking off at 10 a.m. followed by lunch — hot dogs, baked beans and corn on the cob — served at 12:30 p.m. Visitors who wish to attend the farm tour should arrive a few minutes before 10 a.m. to the JPCREC main office complex at 1420 Experiment Station Road in Watkinsville, Georgia.

Tables and folding chairs will be provided for lunch, but guests are welcome to bring their own seating, if preferred. JPCREC requests that guests RSVP by the evening of June 24 to bpowell@uga.edu.

The newest research and education center of the eight run by CAES, the now 1,700-acre facility was transferred to the college in 2013 to be used for agriculture and natural resources research, instruction and extension. Today, JPCREC is committed to developing environmentally sustainable and profitable agricultural systems in beef cattle, forages, cotton, weed and pest control, corn and soybeans, as well as a growing body of research in integrative precision agriculture.

Durham Horticulture Farm

On July 7, the Durham Horticulture Farm will host an open house where CAES researchers will discuss breeding efforts in watermelons and ornamentals, organic management of horticulture crops, control methods for tree fruit diseases, pollinators in Georgia and more.

Running from 6 to 8 p.m. at 1221 Hog Mountain Road in Watkinsville, the event will be held on the farm’s dirt roads and uneven walking areas. Farm staff suggest that guests dress accordingly. Bottled water will be provided and no RSVP is required for the event.

The Hort Farm, as it is commonly called by researchers and students, is a 90-acre facility that serves as a living laboratory for faculty, graduate students and undergraduates of UGA to conduct research in horticulture and other disciplines. The farm also houses a weather station that provides current and historical data about temperature, rainfall, soil conditions and more.

Both events are open to anyone interested in sustainable agriculture and the newest research coming from CAES.

Learn more about ongoing CAES research projects at caes.uga.edu/research.

Jordan Powers is the public relations coordinator and writer for UGA’s College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.

Category: News

Using real-time data allows farmers to adapt

Environmental and financial benefits of smart irrigation

J. Phil Campbell Sr. Research and Education Center

Durham Horticulture Farm